Publications as of March 23, 2026

Submitted or near submission:

136) Wu, J. and T.E. Higham. Near submission. Complex terrain negotiation during high-speed escape locomotion in the Namib day gecko (Rhoptropus afer).

135) Sternes, P.C. and T.E. Higham. Near submission. Ontogenetic scaling of morphology reflected in ecological and behavioral shifts in sharks.

134) Sternes, P.C., Van Wassenbergh, S., and T.E. Higham. In revision. Pelagic shark pectoral fins generate lift during steady swimming.

133) Higham, T.E., Ryan, D., Antos, C., and M. Bradley. In revision. Sidewinding, swimming, and slithering: Garter snakes modulate performance and kinematics in response to substrate and medium.

2026

132) Ginal, P., Ecker, Y., Higham, T.E., Grismer, L.L., Wipfler, B., Rödder, D., Russell, A.P., and J. Riedel. 2026. Subdigital integumentary microstructure in Cyrtodactylus (Squamata: Gekkota): do those lineages with incipiently expressed toepads exclusively exhibit adhesive setae?. Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology. 17, 38-56.

2025

131) Axlid, E.G., Lowe, C., Wang, E. and T.E. Higham. 2025. Fish alter locomotor and feeding kinematics to capture aerial prey. Proceedings of the Royal Society B. 292, 2059.

130) Remington, M.J., Clark, R.W., Hanscom, R.J., Higham, T.E., and J. Sukumaran. 2025. Thermal dyanamics of ectotherm behavioral strategies: insights from agent-based simulations. bioRxiv preprint. [PDF]

129) Higham, T.E., Gerringer, M.E., Axlid, E.G., and J.C. Liao. 2025. Ecology and biomechanics of locomotion and feeding in fishes. In: Integrative Fish Biomechanics. Ed: Higham, T.E. and G.V. Lauder. 41, 335-377.

128) Higham, T.E. and G.V. Lauder. 2025 (editors). Integrative Fish Biomechanics. Elsevier.

127) Russell, A.P., McGregor, L.D., and T.E. Higham. 2025. Osteology and arthrology of the ankle and tarsometatarsus of anoles (Iguania: Anolidae): not convergent with geckos but divergent from the ancestral iguanian condition. Journal of Anatomy. In press. [PDF]

126) Shimada, K., Motani, R., Wood, J.J., Sternes, P.C., Tomita, T., Bazzi, M, Collareta, A., Gayford, J.H., Türtscher, J., Jambura, P.L., Kriwet, J., Vullo, R., Long, D.J, Summers, A.P., Maisey, J.G. Underwood, C., Ward, D.J., Maisch IV, H.M., Perez, V.J., Feichtinger, I., Naylor, G.J.P., Moyer, J.K., Higham, T.E., da Silva, J.P.C.B., Bornatowski, H., Gonzalez-Barba, G., Griffiths, M.L., Becker, M.A., and M. Siversson. 2025. Reassessment of the possible size, form, weight, cruising speed, and growth parameters of the extinct megatooth shark, Otodus megalodon (Lamniformes: Otodontidae), and new evolutionary insights into its gigantism, life history strategies, ecology, and extinction. Palaeontologia Electronica. 28(1):a12. [PDF]

125) Higham, T.E. and A.P. Russell. 2025. Geckos running with dynamic adhesion: towards integration of ecology, energetics and biomechanics. Journal of Experimental Biology. 228, jeb247980. [PDF]

124) Higham, T.E.. 2025. Frictional adhesion of geckos predicts maximum running performance in nature. Journal of Experimental Biology. 228, jeb247906. [PDF]

2024

123) Shirazi, S. and T.E. Higham. 2024. How do fish miss? Attack strategies of threespine stickleback capturing non-evasive prey. Journal of Experimental Biology. 227, jeb247814. [PDF]

122) Freymiller, G.A., M.D. Whitford, C.P. McGowan, T.E. Higham, and R.W. Clark. 2024. Springing into action: comparing jump kinematics between bipedal and quadrupedal rodents. Ecology and Evolution. 14(9), e70292. [PDF]

121) Sternes, P.C., Schmitz, L., and T.E. Higham. 2024. The rise of pelagic sharks and adaptive evolution of pectoral fin morphology during the hot climates of the Cretaceous. Current Biology. 34, 2764-2772. [PDF]

120) Riedel, J., Eisele, K, Gabelaia, M, Higham, T.E., Wu, J. Hanh Do, Q., Quang Nguyen, T., Meneses, C.G., Brown, R.M., Ziegler, T., Grismer, L.L., Reinhold, K., Russell, A.P., and D. Rödder. 2024. Ecologically-related variation in digit morphology in Cyrtodactylus (Gekkota, Squamata) reveals repeated origins of incipient adhesive toepads. Functional Ecology. 38, 1630-1648. [PDF]

119) Griffing, A.H., Gamble, T., Behere, A., Higham, T.E., Keller, G.M., Resener, J., and T.J. Sanger. 2024. Developmental patterns underlying variation in form and function exhibted by house gecko toe pads. Integrative and Comparative Biology. In press. [PDF]

118) Hill, J.L., Grisnik, M., Hanscom, R.J., Sukumaran, J., Higham, T.E., and R.W. Clark. 2024. The past, present, and future of predator-prey interactions in a warming world: Using species distribution modeling to forecast ectotherm-endotherm niche overlap. Ecology and Evolution. 14:e11067. [PDF]

117) Sternes, P.C., Jambura, P.L., Türtscher, J., Kriwet, J., Siversson, M., Feichtinger, I., Naylor, G.J.P., Summers, A.P., Maisey, J.G., Tomita, T., Moyer, J.K., Higham, T.E., da Silva, J.P.C.B., Bornatowski, H., Long, D.J., Perez, V.J., Collareta, A., Underwood, C., Ward, D.J., Vullo, R., Gonzalez-Barba, G., Maisch IV, H.M., Griffiths, M.L., Becker, M.A., Wood, J.J., and K. Shimada. 2024. White shark comparison reveals a slender body for the extinct megatooth shark, Otodus megalodon (Lamniformes: Otodontidae). Palaeontologica Electronica. 27(1):a4. [PDF]

116) Riedel, J., Grismer, L.L., Higham, T.E., Wu, J., Do, H.Q., Nguyen, T.Q., Meneses, C.G., Brown, R.M., Campbell, P.D., Ziegler, T., Russell, A.P., and D. Rödder. 2024. Ecomorphology of the locomotor apparatus in the genus Cyrtodactylus (Gekkota, Squamata). Evolutionary Biology. 51, 106-123 [PDF]

2023

115) Hanscom, R., Hill, J., Patterson, C.A., Marbach, T., Sukumaran, J., Higham, T.E., and R.W. Clark. 2023. Cryptic behaviour and activity cycles of a small mammal keystone species revealed through accelerometry: a case study of Merriam’s kangaroo rats (Dipodomys merriami). Movement Ecology. 11:72. [PDF]

114) Hanscom, R.J., DeSantis, D.L., Hill, J.L., Marbach, T., Sukumaran, J., Tipton, A.F., Thompson, M.L., Higham, T.E., and R.W. Clark. 2023. How to study a predator that only eats a few meals a year: high frequency accelerometry to quantify feeding behaviours of rattlesnakes (Crotalus spp.). Animal Biotelemetry. 11:20. [PDF]

113) Vollin, M. and T.E. Higham. 2023. The Tailless Gecko Gets the Worm: Prey type alters the effects of caudal autotomy on prey capture and subjugation kinematics. Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience. 17:1173065.

112) Riedel, J., Klemm, M., Higham, T.E., Grismer, L., Ziegler, T., Russell, A.P., Rödder, D., and K. Reinhold. 2023. Variation in claw morphology among the digits of Bent-toed geckos (Cyrtodactylus: Gekkota: Gekkonidae). BMC Zoology. 8:19

111) Hanscom, R.J., Higham, T.E., Ryan, D.S., and R.W. Clark. 2023. Ambush hunting in snakes: behavior, function, and diversity. In Snakes: Morphology, Function, and Ecology. Ed: Penning, D. Pp 279-311.

2022

110) Cobos, A. and T.E. Higham. 2022. Growing up in a rough world: ontogenetic scaling of morphology and adhesive performance in geckos across different surfaces. The Journal of Nanotechnology. 13: 1292–1302. [PDF]

109) Higham, T.E., L. Schmitz, and K. Niklas. 2022. The evolution of mechanical properties of conifer and angiosperm woods. Integrative and Comparative Biology. 62: 668-682. [PDF]

108) Ferry, L.A. and T.E. Higham. 2022. Ecomechanics and the rules of life: a critical conduit between the physical and natural sciences.Integrative and Comparative Biology. 62: 641-651. [PDF]

107) Sternes, P.C. and T.E. Higham. 2022. Hammer it out: ontogenetic shifts in ecology are associated with allometric changes in fin and body form in the scalloped hammerhead (Sphyrna lewini). Biological Journal of the Linnean Society. 136: 201-212. [PDF]

106) Whitford, M.D., G.A. Freymiller, T.E. Higham, and R.W. Clark. 2022. Shaking things up: the unique feeding behaviour of western banded geckos when consuming scorpions. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society. 135: 533-540. [PDF]

105) Freymiller, G.A., M.D. Whitford, M.J. Schwaner, C.P. McGowan, T.E. Higham, and R.W. Clark. 2022. Comparative analysis of Dipodomys species indicates that kangaroo rat hindlimb anatomy is adapted for rapid evasive leaping. Journal of Anatomy. 240: 466-474. [PDF]

104) Naylor, E.R. and T.E. Higham. 2022. High-speed terrestrial substrate transitions: how a fleeing cursorial day gecko copes with compliance changes that are experienced in nature. Functional Ecology. 36: 471-484. [PDF]

2021

103) Wright, A.N., Kennedy-Gold, S.R., Naylor, E.R., Screen, R.M., Piantoni, C. and T.E. Higham. 2021. Clinging performance on natural substrates predicts habitat use in anoles and geckos. Functional Ecology. 35: 2472-2482. [PDF]

102) Higham, T.E., M. Hofmann, M. Modert, M. Thielen, and T. Speck. 2021. Jumping with adhesion: landing surface incline alters impact force and body kinematics in crested geckos. Scientific Reports. 11: 23043. [PDF]

101) Higham, T.E., M. Zhuang, and A.P. Russell. 2021. Ankle structure of the Tokay gecko (Gekko gecko) and its role in the deployment of the subdigital adhesive system. Journal of Anatomy. 239: 1503-1515. [PDF]

100) Higham, T.E., L. Ferry, J. Messier, D. Irschick, P. Anderson, P. Bergmann, E. Carrington, S. Farina, K. Feilich, P. Hernandez, H. Jamniczky, M. Johnson, S. Kawano, C. Law, S. Longo, C. Martin, P. Martone, L. Monteiro, D. Navon, A. Rico-Guevara, S. Santana, L. Schmitz, S. Starko, and K. Niklas. 2021. Linking ecomechanical models and functional traits to investigate phenotypic diversity. Trends in Ecology and Evolution. 36: 860-873. [PDF]

99) Griffing, A.H., T.J. Sanger, L. Arnaoudoff, A.M. Bauer, A. Cobos, T.E. Higham, E. Naylor, and T. Gamble. 2021. And thereby hangs a tail: morphology, developmental patterns, and performance of the adhesive tail tips of crested geckos. Proceedings of the Royal Society B. 288: 20210650. [PDF]

98) Vollin, M.F. and T.E. Higham. 2021. Tail autotomy alters prey capture performance and kinematics, but not success, in banded geckos. Integrative and Comparative Biology. 61: 538-549. [PDF]

97) Clark, J, C. Clark, and T.E. Higham. 2021. Tail control enhances gliding in arboreal lizards: an integrative study using a 3D geometric model and numerical simulation. Integrative and Comparative Biology. 61: 579-588. [PDF]

2020

96) Whitford, M.D, G.A. Freymiller, T.E. Higham, and R.W. Clark. 2020. The effects of temperature on the kinematics of rattlesnake predatory strikes in both captive and field environments. Integrative Organismal Biology. 2, obaa025. [PDF]

95) Whitford, M.D, G.A. Freymiller, T.E. Higham, and R.W. Clark. 2020. The effects of temperature on the defensive strikes of rattlesnakes. Journal of Experimental Biology. 223, 223859. [PDF]

94) Kane, E.A. and T.E. Higham. 2020. Kinematic integration during prey capture varies among individuals but not ecological contexts in bluegill sunfish, Lepomis macrochirus (Perciformes: Centrarchidae). Biological Journal of the Linnean Society. 130, 205-224. [PDF]

2019

93) Higham, T.E. and L. Schmitz. 2019. A hierarchical view of gecko locomotion: photic environment, physiological optics, and locomotor performance. Integrative and Comparative Biology. 59, 443-455. [PDF]

92) Zhuang, M.V. A.P. Russell, and T.E. Higham. 2019. Evolution of pedal digit orientation and morphology in relation to acquisition and secondary loss of the adhesive system in geckos. Journal of Morphology. 280, 1582-1599. [PDF]

91) Russell, A.P., A.Y. Stark, and T.E. Higham. 2019. The Integrative Biology of Gecko Adhesion: historical review, current understanding, and grand challenges. Integrative and Comparative Biology. 59, 101-116. [PDF]

90) Naylor, E.R. and T.E. Higham. 2019. Attachment beyond the adhesive system: the contribution of claws to gecko clinging and locomotion. Integrative and Comparative Biology. 59, 168-181.[PDF]

89) Higham, T.E., A.P. Russell, P. Niewiarowski, A. Wright, and T. Speck. 2019. The ecomechanics of gecko adhesion: natural surface topography, evolution, and biomimetics. Integrative and Comparative Biology. 59, 131-147. [PDF]

88) Whitford, M.D, G.A Freymiller, T.E. Higham, and R.W. Clark. 2019. Determinants of predation success: how to survive an attack from a rattlesnake. Functional Ecology. 33, 1099-1109. [PDF]

87) Freymiller, G.A., M.D. Whitford, T.E. Higham, and R.W. Clark. 2019. Escape kinematics of free-ranging desert kangaroo rats (Rodentia: Heteromyidae) evading rattlesnake strikes. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society. 127, 164-172. [PDF]

86) Higham, T.E.. 2019. Lizard locomotion: behavior, performance, and function. In: Lizard Behavior: Evolutionary and Mechanistic Perspectives. V. Bels and A.P. Russell (eds.). CRC Press. pp. 47-86.

85) Pinto, B.J., G.R. Colli, T.E. Higham, A.P. Russell, D.P. Scantlebury, L.J. Vitt, and T. Gamble. 2019. Population Genetic Structure and Species Delimitation of a Widespread, Neotropical Dwarf Gecko, Gonatodes humeralis (Sphaerodactylidae: Gekkota). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution . 133, 54-66. [PDF]

2018

84) Kumar, C., A. Palacios, V.A. Surapaneni, G. Bold, M. Thielen, T.E. Higham, T. Speck, and V. Le Houerou. 2018. Replicating the complexity of natural surfaces: technique validation and applications for biomimetics, ecology, and evolution. Philisophical Transactions of the Royal Society A. 377, 20180265. [PDF]

83) Thompson, K., S. Van Wassenbergh, S.M. Rogers, S.G. Seamone, and T.E. Higham. 2018. Suction feeding performance and hydrodynamics are negatively impacted by angling-induced injuries in marine shiner perch, Cymatogaster aggregata. Journal of Experimental Biology. 221, 180935. [PDF]

82) Foster, K.L., T. Garland, Jr., L. Schmitz, and T.E. Higham. 2018. Skink ecomorphology: forelimb and hind limb lengths, but not static stability, correlate with habitat use and demonstrate multiple solutions. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society. 125, 673-692. [PDF]

81) Jagnandan, K. and T.E. Higham. 2018. Neuromuscular control of locomotion is altered by tail autotomy in geckos. Journal of Experimental Biology. 221, 179564. [PDF]

80) Higham, T.E., S.G. Seamone, A. Arnold, D. Toews, Z. Janmohamed, S.J. Smith, and S.M. Rogers. 2018. The ontogenetic scaling of form and function in the spotted ratfish, Hydrolagus colliei (Chondrichthyes: Chimaeriformes): fins, muscles, and locomotion. Journal of Morphology. 279, 1408-1418. [PDF]

79) Schmitz, L. and T.E. Higham. 2018. Non-uniform evolutionary response of gecko eye size to changes in diel activity patterns. Biology Letters. 14, 20180064. [PDF]

78) Jagnandan, K. and T.E. Higham. 2018. How rapid changes in body mass affect the locomotion of terrestrial vertebrates: Ecology, evolution, and biomechanics of a natural perturbation. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society. In Press online. [PDF]

77) Gamble, T., E. McKenna, W. Meyer, S.V. Nielsen, B.J. Pinto, D.P. Scantlebury, and T.E. Higham. 2018. XX/XY Sex Chromosomes in the South American Dwarf Gecko (Gonatodes humeralis). Journal of Heredity. 109, 462-468. [PDF]

76) Harrington, S., B. Hollingsworth, T.E. Higham, and T. Reeder. 2018. Pleistocene climatic fluctuations drive historical isolation and secondary contact in the Red Diamond Rattlesnake (Crotalus ruber) in Baja California. In Press. Journal of Biogeography. 45, 64-75. [PDF]

2017

75) Collins, C.E. and T.E. Higham. 2017. Individuals of the common Namib day gecko vary in how adaptive simplification alters sprint biomechanics. Scientific Reports. 7, 15595 . [PDF]

74) Jagnandan, K. and T.E. Higham. 2017. Lateral movements of a massive tail influence gecko locomotion: an integrative study comparing tail restriction and autotomy. Scientific Reports. 7, 10865. [PDF]

73) Freymiller, G.A., M.D. Whitford, T.E. Higham, and R.W. Clark. 2017. Recent interactions with snakes enhance escape performance of desert kangaroo rats exposed to a simulated attack. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society. 122, 651-660. [PDF]

72) Higham, T.E., H.A. Jamniczky, K. Jagnandan, S.J. Smith, T.N. Barry, and S.M. Rogers. 2017. Comparative dynamics of suction feeding in marine and freshwater three-spined stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus: kinematics and geometric morphometrics. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society. 122, 400-410 [PDF]

71) Higham, T.E., A.P. Russell, and K.J. Niklas. 2017. Leaping lizards landing on leaves: escape-induced jumps in the rainforest canopy challenge the adhesive limits of geckos. Journal of the Royal Society Interface. 14, 20170156 [PDF]

70) Higham, T.E., T. Gamble, and A.P. Russell. 2017. On the origin of frictional adhesion in geckos: small morphological changes lead to a major biomechanical transition in the genus Gonatodes. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society. 120, 503-517. [PDF]

69) Foster, K.L. and T.E. Higham. 2017. Integrating gastrocnemius force-length properties, in vivo activation, and operating lengths reveals how Anolis deal with ecological challenges. Journal of Experimental Biology. 220, 796-806 [PDF]

68) Higham, T.E., R.W. Clark, C.E. Collins, M.D. Whitford, and G.A. Freymiller. 2017. Rattlesnakes are extremely fast and variable when striking at kangaroo rats in nature: Three-dimensional high-speed kinematics at night. Scientific Reports. 7, 40412. [PDF]

2016

67) Birn-Jeffery, A. and T.E. Higham. 2016. Light level impacts locomotor biomechanics in a secondarily diurnal gecko, Rhoptropus afer. Journal of Experimental Biology. 219, 3649-3655. [PDF]

66) Higham, T.E., S.M. Rogers, R.B. Langerhans, H.A. Jamniczky, G.V. Lauder, W.J. Stewart, C.H. Martin, and D.N. Reznick. 2016. Speciation through the lens of biomechanics: locomotion, prey capture, and reproductive isolation. Proceedings of the Royal Society B. 283, 20161294 doi:10.1098/rspb.2016.1294 [PDF]. **Highlighted in the Faculty of 1000**

65) Gillis, G. and T.E. Higham. 2016. Consequences of lost endings: caudal autotomy as a lens for focusing attention on tail function during locomotion. Journal of Experimental Biology. 219, 2416-2422. [PDF]

64) Zhuang, M.V. and T.E. Higham. 2016. Arboreal day geckos (Phelsuma madagascariensis) modulate their fore- and hind limb kinematics differentially in response to changes in habitat structure. PLoS ONE. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0153520. [PDF]

63) Birn-Jeffery, A. and T.E. Higham. 2016. Geckos decouple fore- and hind limb kinematics in response to changes in incline. Frontiers in Zoology. 13:11, DOI 10.1186/s12983-016-0144-2. [PDF]

62) Irschick, D.I. and T.E. Higham. 2016. Animal Athletes: An Ecological and and Evolutionary Approach. Oxford University Press. Go HERE for details.

61) Olberding, J.P., A. Herrel, T.E. Higham, and T. Garland, Jr. 2016. Limb segment contributions to the evolution of hind limb length in phrynosomatid lizards. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society. 117, 775-795. [PDF]

2015

60) Higham, T.E., W.J. Stewart, and P.C. Wainwright. 2015. Turbulence, temperature, and turbidity: The ecomechanics of predator-prey interactions in fishes. Integrative and Comparative Biology. 55, 6-20. [PDF]

59) Day, S.W., T.E. Higham, R. Holzman, and S. Van Wassenbergh. 2015. Morphology, kinematics, and dynamics: The mechanics of suction feeding in fishes. Integrative and Comparative Biology. 55, 21-35. [PDF]

58) Kane, E.A. and T.E. Higham. 2015. Complex systems are more than the sum of their parts: Using integration to understand performance, biomechanics, and diversity. Integrative and Comparative Biology. 55, 146-165. [PDF]

57) Russell, A.P., J. Baskerville, T. Gamble, and T.E. Higham. 2015. The evolution of digit form in Gonatodes (Gekkota: Sphaerodactylidae) and its implications for the transition from frictional to adhesive contact in gekkotans. Journal of Morphology. 276, 1311-1332. [PDF]

56) Higham, T.E. 2015. Bolting, bouldering, and burrowing: functional morphology and biomechanics of pedal specializations in desert-dwelling lizards. In: All Animals are Interesting: A Festschrift in Honour of Anthony P. Russell. O.R.P. Bininda-Emonds, G.L. Powell, H.A. Jamniczky, A.M. Bauer & J. Theodor (eds.) BIS-Verlag der Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg. pp. 279-302. [PDF]

55) Van Wassenbergh, S., Day, S.W., Hernandez, P., Higham, T.E., and T. Skorczewski. 2015. Suction power output and the inertial cost of rotating the neurocranium to generate suction in fish. Journal of Theoretical Biology. 372, 159-167. [PDF].

54) Higham, T.E., G.J. Measey, A.V. Birn-Jeffery, A. Herrel, and K.A. Tolley. 2015. Functional divergence between morphs of a dwarf chameleon: Differential locomotor kinematics in relation to habitat structure. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society. 116, 27-40. [PDF]

53) Higham, T.E., A. Birn-Jeffery, C.E. Collins, C.D. Hulsey, and A.P. Russell. 2015. Adaptive simplification and the evolution of gecko locomotion: Morphological and biomechanical consequences of losing adhesion. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 112, 809-814. [PDF]. Media coverage by the Los Angeles Times, UCR Today, IFL Science, and many others. Also check out our Cover image

52) Collins, C.E., A.P. Russell, and T.E. Higham. 2015. Subdigital adhesive pad morphology varies in relation to structural habitat use in the Namib Day Gecko, Rhoptropus afer. Functional Ecology. 29, 66-77 [PDF]

51) Foster, K.L., C.E. Collins, T.E. Higham and T. Garland, Jr. 2015. Determinants of lizard escape performance: decision, motivation, ability, and opportunity. In Escaping from predators: An integrative view of escape decisions and refuge use, eds. W.E. Cooper, Jr. and D.T. Blumstein. pp. 287-321 [PDF]

2001-2014

50) Stewart, W.J. and T.E. Higham. 2014. Passively stuck: death does not affect gecko adhesion strength. Biology Letters. 10, 20140701. [PDF]. Media coverage by Smithsonian, UCR Today, Science, IFL Science, and many others.

49) Jagnandan, K., A.P. Russell, and T.E. Higham. 2014. Tail autotomy and subsequent regeneration alter the mechanics of locomotion in lizards. Journal of Experimental Biology. 271, 3891-3897. [PDF]

48) Birn-Jeffery, A. and T.E. Higham. 2014. Geckos significantly alter foot orientation to facilitate adhesion during downhill locomotion. Biology Letters 10, 20140456. [PDF]. Media coverage by the Nature World News, UCR Today, Adhesives.org, and many others.

47) Blob, R.W. and T.E. Higham. 2014. Terrestrial locomotion - Where do we stand, where are we going? Integrative and Comparative Biology. 54, 1051-1057. [PDF].

46) Seamone, S., T.A. Blaine and T.E. Higham. 2014. Sharks modulate their escape behavior in response to predator size, speed, and approach orientation. Zoology. 117, 377-382. [PDF]

45) Birn-Jeffery, A. and T.E. Higham. 2014. The scaling of uphill and downhill locomotion in legged animals. Integrative and Comparative Biology. 54, 1159-1172. [PDF]

44) Kane, E.A. and T.E. Higham. 2014. Modeled 3D suction accuracy predicts prey capture success in three centrarchids. Journal of the Royal Society Interface 11, 20140223. doi: 10.1098/rsif.2014.0216 [PDF]

43) Russell, A.P., E.K. Lai, G.L. Powell and T.E. Higham. 2014. Density and distribution of cutaneous sensilla on tails of Leopard Geckos (Eublepharis macularius) in relation to caudal autotomy. Journal of Morphology. 275, 961-979. [PDF]

42) Foster, K.L. and T.E. Higham. 2014. Context-dependent changes in motor control and kinematics during locomotion: modulation and decoupling. Proceedings of the Royal Society B 281, 20133331. doi: 10.1098/rspb.2013.3331 [PDF]

41) Higham, T.E., A.P. Russell, and P.A. Zani. 2013. Integrative biology of tail autotomy in lizards. Physiological and Biochemical Zoology. 86, 603-610. [PDF]

40) Higham, T.E., K.R. Lipsett, D.A. Syme, and A.P. Russell. 2013. Controlled chaos: Three-dimensional kinematics, fiber histochemistry and muscle contractile dynamics of autotomized lizard tails. Physiological and Biochemical Zoology. 86, 611-630. [PDF]

39) Anderson, C.V. and T.E. Higham. 2013. Anatomy. In: The Biology of Chameleons. Tolley, K.A. and Herrel, A. (eds). University of California Press. pp. 7-56

38) Higham, T.E. and C.V. Anderson. 2013. Function and Adaptation. In: The Biology of Chameleons. Tolley, K.A. and Herrel, A. (eds). University of California Press. pp. 63-84 [PDF]

37) Higham, T.E. and D.I. Irschick. 2013. Springs, steroids, and slingshots: the roles of enhancers and constraints in animal movement. Journal of Comparative Physiology B. 183, 583-595. [PDF]

36) Foster, K.L. and T.E. Higham. 2012. How forelimb and hindlimb function changes with incline and perch diameter in the green anole (Anolis carolinensis). Journal of Experimental Biology. 215, 2288-2300. [PDF]

35) Kane, E.A. and T.E. Higham. 2012. Life in the flow lane: differences in pectoral fin morphology suggest transitions in station-holding demand across species of marine sculpin. Zoology. 115, 223-232. [PDF]

34) Higham, T.E. and A.P. Russell. 2012. Time-varying motor control of autotomized leopard gecko tails: multiple inputs and behavioral modulation. Journal of Experimental Biology. 215, 435-441. [PDF] (Also see cover)

33) Olberding, J.P., L.D. McBrayer, and T.E. Higham. 2012. Performance and three-dimensional kinematics of bipedal lizards during obstacle negotiation. Journal of Experimental Biology. 215, 247-255. [PDF]

32) O'Connor, J.L., L.D. McBrayer, T.E. Higham, J.F. Husak, I.T. Moore and D.C. Rostal. 2011. Effects of training and testosterone on muscle-fiber types and locomotor performance in male six-lined racerunners (Aspidoscelis sexlineata). Physiological and Biochemical Zoology. 84, 394-405. [PDF]

31) Higham, T.E., P.G. Korchari, and L.D. McBrayer. 2011. How muscles define maximum locomotor performance in lizards: An analysis using swing and stance phase muscles. Journal of Experimental Biology 214, 1685-1691. [PDF]

30) Clark, A.J. and T.E. Higham. 2011. Slipping, sliding, and stability: locomotor strategies for overcoming unexpected low-friction surfaces. Journal of Experimental Biology. 214, 1369-1378. [PDF] (Check out the news articles in the The New York Times, The Telegraph, on the Clemson website, and on the College of Charleston website)

29) Higham, T.E., A.A. Biewener, and S. Delp. 2011. Mechanics, modulation and modeling: how muscles actuate and control movement. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B. 366, 1463-1465. [PDF]

28) Higham, T.E. and A.A. Biewener. 2011. Functional and architectural complexity within and between muscles: regional variation and intermuscular force transmission. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B. 366, 1477-1487. [PDF]

27) Fuller, P.O, T.E. Higham, and A.J. Clark. 2011. Posture, speed, and habitat structure: Three-dimensional hindlimb kinematics of two species of padless geckos. Zoology. 114, 104-112. [PDF]

26) Kane, E.A. and T.E. Higham. 2011. The integration of locomotion and prey capture in divergent cottid fishes: functional disparity despite morphological similarity. Journal of Experimental Biology. 214, 1092-1099. [PDF]

25) Higham, T.E., P.G. Korchari, and L.D. McBrayer. 2011. How to climb a tree: Lizards accelerate faster, but pause more, when escaping on vertical surfaces. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society. 102, 83-90. [PDF]

24) Higham, T.E. 2011. The biomechanics of feeding in fishes. In: Farrell A.P., (ed.) Encyclopedia of Fish Physiology: From Genome to Environment, San Diego: Academic Press. [PDF]

23) Higham, T.E. 2010. Book review of "Feeding and Digestive Functions of Fishes". Quarterly Review of Biology. 85, 374.[PDF]

22) Higham, T.E. and A.P. Russell. 2010. Divergence in locomotor performance, ecology, and morphology between two sympatric sister species of desert-dwelling geckos. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society. 101, 860-869. [PDF]

21) Foster, K.L. and T.E. Higham. 2010. How to build a pectoral fin: Functional morphology and steady swimming kinematics of the spotted ratfish, Hydrolagus colliei. Canadian Journal of Zoology. 88 (8), 774-780. [PDF]

20) Higham, T.E. and A.P. Russell. 2010. Flip, flop and fly: modulated motor control and highly variable movement patterns of autotomized gecko tails. Biology Letters. 6, 70-73. [PDF] (Check out the news articles in the New York Times, in ScienceDaily, the Discovery Channel, the CBC News, the Calgary Herald, on the Clemson website and on the University of Calgary website that highlight this paper.)

19) Russell, A.P. and T.E. Higham. 2009. A new angle on clinging in geckos: incline, not substrate, triggers the deployment of the adhesive system. Proceedings of the Royal Society B. 276, 3705-3709. [PDF] (Check out the news articles in the Washington Post, ScienceDaily, the Discovery Channel, the Globe and Mail, on the Clemson website, and on the University of Calgary website that highlight this paper.)

18) Higham, T.E. and A.A. Biewener. 2009. Fatigue alters in vivo function within and between limb muscles during locomotion. Proceedings of the Royal Society B. 276, 1193-1197. [PDF]

17) Wainwright, P.C., R.S. Mehta, and T.E. Higham. 2008. Stereotypy, flexibility and coordination: key concepts in behavioral functional morphology. Journal of Experimental Biology. 211, 3523-3528. [PDF]

16) Higham, T.E. and F.E. Nelson. 2008. The integration of lateral gastrocnemius muscle function and kinematics in running turkeys. Zoology. 111, 483-493. [PDF]

15) Higham, T.E. and A.A. Biewener. 2008. Integration within and between muscles during terrestrial locomotion: effects of incline and speed. Journal of Experimental Biology. 211, 2303-2316. [PDF]

14) Higham, T.E., A.A. Biewener, and J.M. Wakeling. 2008. Functional diversification within and between muscle synergists during locomotion. Biology Letters. 4, 41-44. [PDF] Click here to view the Harvard Science article highlighting this paper.

13) Day, S.W., T.E. Higham, and P.C. Wainwright. 2007. Time resolved measurements of the flow generated by suction feeding fish. Experiments in Fluids. 43, 713-724. [PDF]

12) Wainwright, P.C., A.M. Carroll, D.C. Collar, S.W. Day, T.E. Higham, and R.A. Holzman. 2007. Suction feeding mechanics, performance and diversity in fishes. Integrative and Comparative Biology. 47, 96-106. [PDF]

11) Higham, T.E. 2007. The integration of locomotion and prey capture in vertebrates: morphology, behavior and performance. Integrative and Comparative Biology. 47, 82-95. [PDF]

10) Higham, T.E., C.D. Hulsey, O. Rican, and A.M. Carroll. 2007. Feeding with speed: prey capture evolution in cichlids. Journal of Evolutionary Biology. 20, 70-78. [PDF]

9) Higham, T.E. 2007. Feeding, fins and braking maneuvers: locomotion during prey capture in centrarchid fishes. Journal of Experimental Biology. 210, 107-117. [PDF]

8) Higham, T.E., S.W. Day, and P.C. Wainwright. 2006. The pressures of suction feeding: the relation between buccal pressure and induced fluid speed in centrarchid fishes. Journal of Experimental Biology 209, 3281-3287. [PDF]

7) Higham, T.E., S.W. Day, and P.C. Wainwright. 2006. Multidimensional analysis of suction feeding performance in fishes: fluid speed, acceleration, strike accuracy and the ingested volume of water. Journal of Experimental Biology 209, 2713-2725. [PDF]

6) Higham, T.E., B. Malas, B.C. Jayne, and G.V. Lauder. 2005. Constraints on starting and stopping: behavior compensates for reduced pectoral fin area during braking of the bluegill sunfish Lepomis macrochirus. Journal of Experimental Biology 208, 4735-4746. [PDF]

5) Day, S.W., T.E. Higham, A.Y. Cheer, and P.C. Wainwright. 2005. Spatial and temporal patterns of water flow generated by suction feeding bluegill sunfish Lepomis macrochirus resolved by Particle Image Velocimetry. Journal of Experimental Biology 208, 2661-2671. [PDF]

4) Higham, T.E., S.W. Day and P.C. Wainwright. 2005. Sucking while swimming: evaluating the effects of ram speed on suction generation in bluegill sunfish Lepomis macrochirus using digital particle image velocimetry. Journal of Experimental Biology 208(14), 2653-2660. [PDF]

3) Higham, T.E., and B.C. Jayne. 2004. In vivo muscle activity in the hindlimb of the arboreal lizard, Chamaeleo calyptratus: general patterns and the effects of incline. Journal of Experimental Biology 207, 249-261. [PDF]

2) Higham, T.E., and B.C. Jayne. 2004. Locomotion of lizards on inclines and perches: hindlimb kinematics of an arboreal specialist and a terrestrial generalist. Journal of Experimental Biology 207, 233-248. [PDF]

1) Higham, T.E., M.S. Davenport, and B.C. Jayne. 2001. Maneuvering in an arboreal habitat: the effects of turning angle on the locomotion of three sympatric ecomorphs of Anolis lizards. Journal of Experimental Biology 204, 4141- 4155. [PDF]